tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-38043736929176270752024-03-12T23:53:26.720-07:00Clinical Chemistry Blog Notes 21lovely rosehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944836790547412455noreply@blogger.comBlogger12125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3804373692917627075.post-1921016773900325782009-10-28T09:58:00.000-07:002009-10-28T09:58:40.643-07:00Hi<div align="center"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">This is <strong>Lovely Rose</strong> and you're now viewing my blog..This is our Clinical Chemistry Blog Notes... In this blog you will learn more about the subject that may help you in your future career as a medical professional.. And once you have started exploring this blog, I can assure you that even a few seconds of your time spent on this blog will not be wasted, for you'll be learning a lot of things..</span></div><div align="center"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">So enjoy and be one of us guys!</span></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input id="jsProxy" onclick="jsCall();" type="hidden"> <div id="refHTML"></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input id="jsProxy" onclick="jsCall();" type="hidden"> <div id="refHTML"></div>lovely rosehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944836790547412455noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3804373692917627075.post-83782493729417777742009-10-28T09:56:00.000-07:002009-10-28T09:57:44.329-07:00My First Week of Internship<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CMBAPC1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" class="MsoNormal">My first week of duty was very exciting, because we will be dealing with other people and we will meet the laboratory’s staffs. It was very exciting and at the same time I felt so nervous. There is what they call the terror staffs. But if you look in general all staffs are kind and courteous. Maybe sometimes they are kind of snobbish but for me that is the way they do to teach us discipline and now to be responsible in every actions that we are doing. My first section is hematology for 21 days, we have a quota for 25 Sysmex Ca 50 and 25 for CBC and 1 for retic count. I enjoyed everyday because I’ve learned so many things from my staffs and from my co-interns. <span style=""> </span>They taught me on how to do the test and how to operate the machine. What I really like the most was that my staffs and octoberian interns do, Lovely can do also. Why? Because everytime there is a specimen I am confident to get the specimen and start to process it and it feels do good when I have the results that I have processed and it is correctly done. It completes my day of duty, because of that I am very excited to come on duty and I am always early 30 minutes before my time. All I can say that my duties are very exciting and I will never loose this excitement to become a good and a fruitful intern of AUFMC. <span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span></p> <input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" id="refHTML"></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" id="refHTML"></div>lovely rosehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944836790547412455noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3804373692917627075.post-73123732551783288472009-09-09T12:00:00.000-07:002009-09-10T06:37:06.292-07:00Do You Agree That Drug Testing Should Be Done As A Requirement For Admission To Schools?<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CMBAPC1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C02%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; 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color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CMBAPC1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C04%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" rel="Edit-Time-Data" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CMBAPC1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C04%5Cclip_editdata.mso"><!--[if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} h3 {mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:3; font-size:13.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; font-weight:bold;} p {mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; font-family: times new roman;"><span style=""></span>Do we really have to ask our selves this question? Well for me I 100% totally agree that drug testing should be done as a requirement for admissions to schools. I mean I don’t see any thing wrong with it and I can’t even think of disadvantages of having drug testing as a requirement for school admission. But this will be a very big problem for those who use illegal drugs and that’s their problem they shouldn’t even have been using illegal drugs from the start. To think of it I got a question of my own why even use drugs, what do they get from using drugs? As far as I know this can even endanger their life. <o:p></o:p>
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<br />Drugs have been a major problem in our country but not only in our country but in the whole world. That’s why I agree with this statement. If this would be done I would say that this will reduce the number of students who use drugs knowing that it will affect their future in a big way that they won’t be able to enroll in a school because of the drug screening. This will be a big boost for our society having to decrease the number of cases of drug users. This will also be an advantage for the school and the students. Drugs can make a person change and really mess their mind up which can cause trouble in campus. So having a free from drugs school the school campus is safer. This is my point of view for this statement. I STRONGLY AGREE THAT DRUG TESTING SHOULD BE DONE AS A REQUIREMENT FOR ADMISSION TO SCHOOLS ….<span style=""></span><span style=""></span></span>
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<br /><span style="font-family: times new roman;">Below I have added some information about drug testing..</span><o:p style="font-family: times new roman;">
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<br /></o:p><span style="font-family: times new roman;">A </span><strong style="font-family: times new roman;">Drug Testing</strong><span style="font-family: times new roman;"> is a commonly technical examination to determine the specified drugs that are presence or absence or their metabolized traces of the patient. It is done to those people who are suspected on taking prohibited drugs, abusing of drugs that can affects the healthy body.</span><o:p style="font-family: times new roman;"></o:p></span> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;">
<br /><strong>There are common types of specimen that can be used in drug testing:</strong><o:p></o:p></span> </p> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:100%;">1. urine<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:100%;">2. hair<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:100%;">3. blood<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:100%;">4. sweat<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:100%;">5. or other body fluids<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><strong>Urine </strong>is the most common specimen for screening test for drug testing, some reasons why it is the chosen common specimen, its because urine can be collected anytime and is easily done rather than the other specimens. While the<strong> blood</strong> specimen is the confirmatory testing for drug testing if the result in the urine test is positive for taking prohibited drugs.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><strong>Types of Testing:</strong><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><strong>Pre-employment drug testing</strong><o:p></o:p></span> </p> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:100%;">it is the least effective drug testing, it is considered the " Intelligence test"
<br />Random drug testing<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><strong>Random drug testing</strong><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:100%;">it is the most effective format in drug testing<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><strong>Post-incident drug testing</strong><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:100%;">is not very commonly administered test compared to two<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><strong>Diagnostic screening</strong><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:100%;">"Toxicology test or Tox screen" to denote the broader area of possible substances than sel-administered drugs.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" class="MsoNormal"><span style="display: none;"><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"></span><span style="display: none;"><input id="jsProxy" onclick="jsCall();" type="hidden"><!--Session data--></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> lovely rosehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944836790547412455noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3804373692917627075.post-21502069883590765262009-09-09T11:25:00.000-07:002009-09-10T06:45:26.208-07:00Answers to Quiz time!<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51); font-family: arial;">1. kidney stones<br /></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51); font-family: arial;">2. true<br /></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51); font-family: arial;">3. diabetic ketoacidosis<br /></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51); font-family: arial;">4. light yellow to amber<br /></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51); font-family: arial;">5. faintly aromatic<br /></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51); font-family: arial;">6. cloudy appearance<br /></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51); font-family: arial;">7. UTI<br /></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51); font-family: arial;">8. true<br /></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51); font-family: arial;">9. casts<br /></span><br /><p style="font-family: arial; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">10. true</span></p><span style="font-family: arial; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">Case Analysis:</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: arial; color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">diabetic ketoacidosis</span>lovely rosehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944836790547412455noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3804373692917627075.post-1411196660150057022009-08-26T10:30:00.000-07:002009-08-25T20:09:17.513-07:00Quiz Time!<strong style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-family:arial;" >Objectives:</span></strong><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-family:arial;" ></span><br /><ol style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><li><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-family:arial;" >The presence of a few crystals in urine is possible to healthy people. What is the condition if large amount of crystals are present in the urine?</span></li><li><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-family:arial;" >True or False: Pregnancy is one predisposing factor for protein to be positive in the urine.</span></li><li><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-family:arial;" >It is a serious condition of the patient if large amounts of ketones are present in his/her urine.</span></li><li><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-family:arial;" >What is the normal color of the freshly voided urine in a healthy person?</span></li><li><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-family:arial;" >What is the normal odor of your answer to # 4?</span></li><li><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-family:arial;" >What will be the appearance of the urine if blood, sperm, bacteria, mucus are present in the urine?</span></li><li><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-family:arial;" >The breakdown of nitrates to nitrites will show what type of infection?</span></li><li><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-family:arial;" >True or False: Normally, a very little amount or no glucose at all present in the urine. But large amounts of glucose will indicate diabetes.</span></li><li><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-family:arial;" >This are plugs of materials formed in tiny tubes of the kidney and get flushed out in the urine and this plugs can help to show what type of kidney disease is existing in the patient?.</span></li><li><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-family:arial;" >True or False: A urine test can help find the cause of symptoms.</span></li></ol><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-family:arial;" >Case Analysis:</span></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-family:arial;" >A 20 years old female is experiencing a frequent vomiting and starvation. She went in the hospital and the doctor asked her to have a urine test.<br /><br />The results showed large amounts of ketones are present in her urine. What is a serious condition that may be present in the patient based on the results of urine test?</span></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-family:arial;" ></span></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-family:arial;" ></span></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-family:arial;" ></span></p>lovely rosehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944836790547412455noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3804373692917627075.post-49402366642850605902009-08-14T10:10:00.000-07:002009-08-30T10:11:24.644-07:00Urine Testing<a href="http://www.japanprobe.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/urine-test.jpg"><img style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 201px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 279px" alt="" src="http://www.japanprobe.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/urine-test.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div><span style="color:#ffff33;">Urinalysis is a diagnostic physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of a urine sample or specimen. </span><a name="hw6583"></a><span style="color:#ffff33;">Urine test checks the different components of the urine. The waste product secreted by the kidneys. . The kidneys take out waste material, minerals, fluids, and other substances from the blood to be passed in the urine. A urinalysis may include these different tests: </span></div><div><br /><span style="color:#ffff33;">For the <strong>color</strong>, there are many factors that affect the color of the urine, including fluid balance, diet, medicines, and diseases. The dark or light the color tells you how much water is present and also vitamin B supplements may turn urine bright yellow. <strong>Clarity</strong>, normally urine is clear. Due to bacteria, blood, sperm, crystals, or mucus it may make urine look cloudy. Also in the <strong>odor</strong>, some diseases cause a change in the odor of urine. An example of this is an infection with E. coli bacteria which may cause a bad odor, while diabetes or starvation can cause a sweet odor. <strong>Protein </strong>normally is not found in the urine. Fever, hard exercise, pregnancy, and some diseases, especially kidney disease, are some factors for protein to be present in urine. <strong>Nitrates</strong> may be found in the urine. Bacteria that cause a urinary tract infection (UTI) make an enzyme that changes urinary nitrates to nitrites. Nitrites in urine show that UTI is present. <strong>Leukocyte</strong> esterase shows leukocytes in the urine. WBCs in the urine may mean a UTI is present. <strong>Ketones</strong>, This is when fat is broken down for energy where in these substances made by the body is called ketones and passed in the urine. Present of large amounts of ketones in urine may mean a very serious condition such as diabetic ketoacidosis may be present. A diet low in sugars and starches, starvation, or severe vomiting may also be a factor to cause ketones to be in the urine. <strong>Red blood cells and white blood</strong> <strong>cells </strong> normally are not found in the urine. Inflammation, disease, or injury to the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra can cause blood in urine. Strenuous exercise may also cause blood in the urine. White blood cells may be a sign of infection or kidney disease. Some types of kidney disease can cause plugs of material (called <strong>casts</strong>) to form in tiny tubes in the kidneys. The casts then get flushed out in the urine. Casts can be made of red or white blood cells, waxy or fatty substances, or protein. The type of cast in the urine can help show what type of kidney disease may be present. Healthy people may have a few <strong>crystals</strong> in their urine but a large number of crystals present, or certain types of crystals, may mean kidney stones are present or there is a problem with how the body is using food or the metabolism. There are no <strong>bacteria, yeast cells, or parasites</strong> in urine normally. But if present this may indicate that there is an infection. <strong>Glucose</strong> is the type of sugar found in blood. Normally there is very little or no glucose in urine. When the blood sugar level is very high the sugar spills over into the urine. Glucose can also be found in urine when the kidneys are damaged or diseased. If you have glucose in your urine, you are likely to have diabetes. Thus, if your urine contains any glucose you should have a blood test to measure the blood level of glucose to confirm whether diabetes is present.<br /> </span></div>lovely rosehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944836790547412455noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3804373692917627075.post-61750533308442448892009-07-28T19:30:00.000-07:002009-08-03T22:22:04.611-07:00Top 10 Emerging Influential Blogs of 2009<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">I am very fond of their blogs..Upon reading their blogs it just makes me wonder where they get all their ideas and become so creative..Its seems that they have so many inspirations in their life.. For me after reading their blogs it will serve to me as an inspiration to exert more effort to become more creative with my blog and probably one day serve as an inspiration to other people..From these blogs you will be able to realize more about life and the reality here in our world..Reading these inspirational blogs just touches me..So are my nominees for </span><a style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" href="http://www.influentialblogger.net/2009/05/join-top-10-emerging-influential-blogs.html">Top 10 Emerging Influential Blogs of 2009:</a><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">1. Roy </span><a style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" href="http://thestrugglingblogger.168center.com/">The Struggling Blogger</a><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">2. Doctor Z of </span><a style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" href="http://zorlone.blogspot.com/">Zorlone</a><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">3. Jan Geronimo of </span><a style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" href="http://writingtoexhale.com/">WritingToExhale</a><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">4. Angel Cuala of </span><a style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" href="http://fatherblogger.com/">Father Blogger dot com</a><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">5. Irene of </span><a style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" href="http://lifelots.blogspot.com/">LifeLots</a><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">6. Luke of </span><a style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" href="http://darkestshade.blogspot.com/">A Walk In The Dark</a><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">7. Holly Jahangiri of </span><a style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" href="http://www.jahangiri.us/net/">It’s all a matter of Perspective: Mine</a><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">8. Bingkee of </span><a style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" href="http://www.ilovehateamerica.com/">I Love/Hate America</a><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">9. Kelvin Servigon of </span><a style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" href="http://kelvinonian.com/">Kelvinonian Ideas 2.0</a><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">10. Dee of </span><a style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);" href="http://www.talesfromthemomside.com/">Tales From The Mom Side</a><br /><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">Brought to us by these supportive Sponsors: </span> <a href="http://www.absolutetraders.com/">Absolute Traders</a>, <a href="http://www.mybrutecheats.com/">My Brute Cheats</a>, <a href="http://www.bizsum.com/">Business Summaries</a><span style="font-style: italic;">, </span><a href="http://www.fitandthecity.com/">Fitness Advantage Club</a><span style="font-style: italic;">, </span><a href="http://buddygancenia.com/blog/?page_id=67">Events and Corporate Video</a>, <a href="http://www.eventsatwork.com/">Events at Work</a>, <a href="http://www.dominguez.com.ph/">Dominguez Marketing Communications</a>, <a href="http://www.redmobile.com/">Red Mobile</a>, <span style="font-style: italic;"><a href="http://www.jupitersuites.com.ph/">Budget hotel in Makati</a>, <a href="http://www.ltgroupphils.com/">Lucio C. Tan Group of Companies</a>, and </span><a href="http://www.blog4reviews.com/">Blog4Reviews.com</a><span style="font-style: italic;">.<br /></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"></span>lovely rosehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944836790547412455noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3804373692917627075.post-47319189986729665742009-07-12T10:31:00.000-07:002009-07-13T20:57:48.448-07:00How Can I?<div align="center"><span style="color:#ffff33;">How can I treat a patient with Diabetes Mellitus?<br />If I don’t know the glucagon’s purpose.<br />How will I inject the arm or thigh of the patient?<br />If my knowledge about glucagon is insufficient.<br />How can I be sure of the effectiveness of this hormone?<br />If I, (without the help of an expert) try to do it on my own.<br />How will I be able to know about its importance?<br />If I don’t care or not aware of its existence.<br />Isn’t too hard to encounter the problem of these questions<br />For in this blog, it will provide us with the best solutions. </span></div>lovely rosehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944836790547412455noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3804373692917627075.post-68168837999101939332009-07-12T10:00:00.000-07:002009-07-12T19:56:12.256-07:00A Video About Glucagon<object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/kU3NqNKc0Ss&hl=en&fs=1&"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/kU3NqNKc0Ss&hl=en&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">Source of video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kU3NqNKc0Ss</span><br /><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>lovely rosehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944836790547412455noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3804373692917627075.post-6140677115346433962009-06-29T23:16:00.000-07:002009-06-29T09:05:58.181-07:00Answers<div align="justify"><span style="color:#ffff33;">1. Glucagon is a important hormone which is involved in the metabolism of:</span></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ffff33;">CARBOHYDRATES<br /><br />2. Often described as having the opposite effect of insulin, which instructs the cells of the body to take in glucose from the blood:</span></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ffff33;">GLUCAGON<br /><br />3. It is where the hormone is synthesized and secreted, which are located in the endocrine portion of the pancreas:</span></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ffff33;">ALPHA CELLS<br /><br />4. Give the main function of glucagon.</span></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ffff33;">GLUCAGON HELPS MAINTAIN THE LEVEL OF GLUCOSE IN THE BLOOD</span></div><span style="color:#ffff33;"><div align="justify"><br />5. Pathway by which non-hexose substrates such as amino acids are converted to glucose. </div><div align="justify"><br /> </div></span><div align="justify"><span style="color:#ffff33;">GLUCONEOGENESIS<br /><br />6-8. Give three conditions associated with decrease secretion of glucagon.</span></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ffff33;">-SOMATOSTATIN<br />-INSULIN<br />-INCREASED FREE FATTY ACIDS AND KETOACIDS INTO THE BLOOD</span></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ffff33;">9. A heterotrimeric protein with α, β, and γ subunits.</span></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ffff33;">G PROTEINS</span></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ffff33;">10. Define glycogenolysis.</span></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ffff33;">Is the catabolism of glycogen by removal of a glucose monomer through cleavage with inorganic phosphate to produce glucose-1-phosphate.</span></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ffff33;">11- 15.<br />A 34 year old women came to the hospital today with her chief complains of frequent headaches, increase hunger and heavy thirst. She also complained about her vision sometimes blurs. She also said that she easily gets tired. So the doctor asked her to under go some laboratory test to know her exact condition about the symptoms she is experiencing. </span></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ffff33;">TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS</span></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ffff33;">16- 20.<br />A 30 year old male appears to have red-brown skin rashes. He complains about having a smooth texture of his tongue, and also he is experiencing lip inflammation. In his last laboratory findings his red blood cells are below normal range while his white blood cells are above the normal range, which may indicate a condition of anemia. To further explore his condition he was advised by the doctor to have another laboratory test. </span></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ffff33;">GLUCAGONOMA SYNDROME<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span></div>lovely rosehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944836790547412455noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3804373692917627075.post-79446719521407433592009-06-16T03:41:00.000-07:002009-06-16T03:42:55.037-07:00Quiz<div align="justify"><span style="color:#ffff33;">ATTENTION MT-IV!!!</span></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ffff33;">1. Glucagon is a important hormone which is involved in the metabolism of:<br />2. Often described as having the opposite effect of insulin, which instructs the cells of the body to take in glucose from the blood:<br />3. It is where the hormone is synthesized and secreted, which are located in the endocrine portion of the pancreas:<br />4. Give the main function of glucagon.<br />5. Pathway by which non-hexose substrates such as amino acids are converted to glucose.<br />6-8. Give three conditions associated with decrease secretion of glucagon.<br />9. A heterotrimeric protein with α, β, and γ subunits.<br />10. Define glycogenolysis.<br /><br />11- 15.<br />A 34 year old women came to the hospital today with her chief complains of frequent headaches, increase hunger and heavy thirst. She also complained about her vision sometimes blurs. She also said that she easily gets tired. So the doctor asked her to under go some laboratory test to know her exact condition about the symptoms she is experiencing. <br /><br />16- 20.<br />A 30 year old male appears to have red-brown skin rashes. He complains about having a smooth texture of his tongue, and also he is experiencing lip inflammation. In his last laboratory findings his red blood cells are below normal range while his white blood cells are above the normal range, which may indicate a condition of anemia. To further explore his condition he was advised by the doctor to have another laboratory test. <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> </span></div>lovely rosehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944836790547412455noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3804373692917627075.post-21750983783833145812009-06-02T03:17:00.000-07:002009-06-12T02:38:34.536-07:00Glucagon<div align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyw3Embk2JNJOc7P4ZNZ8FdkJRutFPue8rRndCT81TPxuMyA3olBbl2jVEBZg9lmaVI6MgvtsUyl4QPk_ZkqvxZF0p5SOMAgxYw92Bid8JO6-Ct70OElyJKUWC_LMwF_A9xPAQacdQ_dZS/s1600-h/glucagon_efx.gif"><span style="color:#000000;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5346369588049101266" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 211px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 251px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyw3Embk2JNJOc7P4ZNZ8FdkJRutFPue8rRndCT81TPxuMyA3olBbl2jVEBZg9lmaVI6MgvtsUyl4QPk_ZkqvxZF0p5SOMAgxYw92Bid8JO6-Ct70OElyJKUWC_LMwF_A9xPAQacdQ_dZS/s320/glucagon_efx.gif" border="0" /></span></a><span style="color:#000000;"><br /></div></span><div align="justify"><span style="color:#ffff33;">Glucagon</span></div><div align="justify"><br /></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ffff33;">Glucagon is an important</span> </span><a title="Hormone" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone"><span style="color:#ff9900;">hormone</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"> <span style="color:#ffff00;">that is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates. It is produced by the</span> </span><a title="Pancreas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreas"><span style="color:#ff9900;">pancreas</span></a><span style="color:#ffff00;">, </span><span style="color:#ffff33;">which is released when the level of glucose in the blood is low. This will cause the liver to convert the stored glycogen into glucose and released into the bloodstream. Glucagon is often described as having the opposite effect of insulin, which instructs the cells of the body to take in glucose from the blood. Glucagon also stimulates the release of insulin, so that newly available glucose in the bloodstream can be taken up and used by insulin-depende.</span></div><div align="justify"><br /></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ffff33;">Production of Glucagon</span></div><div align="justify"><br /></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ffff33;">The hormone is synthesized and secreted from</span> </span><a title="Alpha cell" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_cell"><span style="color:#ff9900;">alpha cells</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"> </span><span style="color:#ffff33;">of the </span><a title="Islets of Langerhans" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islets_of_Langerhans"><span style="color:#ff9900;">islets of Langerhans</span></a><span style="color:#ffff33;">, which are located in the endocrine portion of the pancreas. In rodents, the alpha cells are located in the outer rim of the islet. Human islet structure is much less segregated, and alpha cells are distributed throughout the islet.</span></div><div align="justify"><br /></div><div align="justify"><br /><a name="Regulatory_mechanism"></a><span style="color:#ffff33;">Functions</span></div><div align="justify"><br /></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ffff33;">Glucagon helps maintain the level of</span> </span><a title="Glucose" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose"><span style="color:#ff9900;">glucose</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ff9900;"> </span><span style="color:#ffff33;">in the</span> </span><a title="Blood" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood"><span style="color:#ff9900;">blood</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ff9900;"> </span><span style="color:#ffff00;">by binding to</span> </span><a title="Glucagon receptor" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucagon_receptor"><span style="color:#ff9900;">glucagon receptors</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ff9900;"> </span></span><span style="color:#ffff33;">on </span><a title="Hepatocyte" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte"><span style="color:#ff9900;">hepatocytes</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ffff00;">,</span> </span><span style="color:#ffff00;">causing the </span><a title="Liver" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver"><span style="color:#ff9900;">liver</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ffcc66;"> </span></span><span style="color:#ffff00;">to release glucose stored in the form of </span><a title="Glycogen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen"><span style="color:#ff9900;">glycogen</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"> </span><span style="color:#ffff00;">through a process known as </span><a title="Glycogenolysis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogenolysis"><span style="color:#ffff00;">glycogenolysis</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ffff00;">. Glucagon stimulates breakdown of glycogen stored in the liver. blood glucose levels are high, large amounts of glucose are taken up by the liver. Under the influence of insulin, much of this glucose is stored in the form of glycogen. Later, when blood glucose levels begin to fall, glucagon is secreted and acts on hepatocytes to activate the enzymes that depolymerize glycogen and release glucose. As these stores become depleted, glucagon then encourages the liver to synthesize additional glucose by</span> </span><a title="Gluconeogenesis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesis"><span style="color:#ff9900;">gluconeogenesis</span></a><span style="color:#ffff00;">.</span><span style="color:#ffff00;"> Glucagon activates hepatic gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis is the pathway by which non-hexose substrates such as amino acids are converted to glucose. As such, it provides another source of glucose for blood. This is especially important in animals like cats and sheep that don't absorb much if any glucose from the intestine - in these species, activation of gluconeogenic enzymes is the chief mechanism by which glucagon does its job. This glucose is released into the bloodstream. Both of these mechanisms lead to glucose release by the liver, preventing the development of </span><a title="Hypoglycemia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglycemia"><span style="color:#ff9900;">hypoglycemia</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ffff00;">.</span> </span><span style="color:#ffff00;">Glucagon also appears to have a minor effect of enhancing lipolysis of triglyceride in adipose tissue, which could be viewed as an addition means of conserving blood glucose by providing fatty acid fuel to most cells. </span></div><div align="justify"><br /></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ffff00;">Regulatory Mechanism<br /><br />Increase secretion of glucagon is caused by the following:<br /><br />· Decreased plasma glucose</span></div><div align="justify"><br /></div><div align="justify"><span style="color:#ffff00;">· Increased catecholamines- norepinephrine and epinephrine</span></div><div align="justify"><br /></div><div align="justify"><span style="color:#ffff00;">· Increased plasma amino acids (to protect from hypoglycemia if an all protein meal is consumed)</span></div><div align="justify"><br /></div><div align="justify"><span style="color:#ffff00;">· Sympathetic nervous system </span></div><div align="justify"><span style="color:#ffff00;"></span> </div><div align="justify"><span style="color:#ffff00;">· Acetylcholine· Cholecystokinin<br /><br /><br />Decreased secretion of glucagon is caused by the following:<br /><br />· Somatostatin </span></div><div align="justify"><br /></div><div align="justify"><span style="color:#ffff00;">· Insulin </span></div><div align="justify"><br /></div><div align="justify"><span style="color:#ffff00;">· Increased free fatty acids and ketoacids into the blood </span></div><span style="color:#ffff00;"><div align="justify"><br /><br />Mechanism of Action</span></div><div align="justify"><br /></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ffff00;">Glucagon binds to the</span> </span><a title="Glucagon receptor" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucagon_receptor"><span style="color:#ff9900;">glucagon receptor</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ffff00;">, a</span> </span><a title="G protein-coupled receptor" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptor"><span style="color:#ff9900;">G protein-coupled receptor</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"> </span><span style="color:#ffff00;">located in the </span><a title="Plasma membrane" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_membrane"><span style="color:#ff9900;">plasma membrane</span></a><span style="color:#ffff00;">. The conformation change in the receptor activates </span><a title="G protein" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_protein"><span style="color:#ff9900;">G proteins</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ffff00;">, </span><span style="color:#ffff00;">a heterotrimeric protein with α, β, and γ subunits. When the G protein interacts with the receptor, it undergoes a conformational change that results in the GDP molecule, that was bound to the α subunit, to be replaced with a GTP molecule. This substitution results in the α subunit releasing from the β and γ subunit. The alpha subunit specifically activates the next enzyme in the cascade,</span> </span><a title="Adenylate cyclase" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenylate_cyclase"><span style="color:#ff9900;">adenylate cyclase</span></a><span style="color:#ff9900;">.</span></div><div align="justify"><br /></div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ffff00;">Adenylate cyclase manufacture </span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><a title="CAMP" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMP"><span style="color:#ff9900;">cAMP</span></a> <span style="color:#ffff00;">(</span><span style="color:#ffff00;">cyclical AMP) which activates</span> </span><a title="Protein kinase A" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase_A"><span style="color:#ff9900;">protein kinase A</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ff9900;"> </span></span><span style="color:#ffff00;">(cAMP-dependent protein kinase). This enzyme in turn activates </span><a title="Phosphorylase kinase" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylase_kinase"><span style="color:#ff9900;">phosphorylase kinase</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ffff00;">,</span> <span style="color:#ffff00;">which in turn, phosphorylates</span> </span><a title="Glycogen phosphorylase" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen_phosphorylase"><span style="color:#ff9900;">glycogen phosphorylase</span></a><span style="color:#ffff00;">, converting into the active form called phosphorylase A. Phosphorylase A is the enzyme responsible for the release of </span><a title="Glucose-1-phosphate" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose-1-phosphate"><span style="color:#ff9900;">glucose-1-phosphate</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"> <span style="color:#ffff00;">from</span> </span><a title="Glycogen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen"><span style="color:#ff9900;">glycogen</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ff9900;"> </span><span style="color:#ffff00;">polymers.</span><br /><br /><span style="color:#ffff33;">Normal Value: The normal range is 50 to 100 pg/ml.<br /><br />References:<br /></span><br /></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucagon"><span style="color:#ff9900;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucagon</span></a><span style="color:#ff9900;"><br /><br /></span><a href="http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/pancreas/glucagon.html"><span style="color:#ff9900;">http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/pancreas/glucagon.html</span></a><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></div>lovely rosehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944836790547412455noreply@blogger.com12